If the acidified liquid content of your stomach is moving back upwards it is called acid regurgitation or acid reflux. If you are facing these symptoms frequently more than twice a week then it is called Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a common problem faced by millions worldwide. It is characterized by the regurgitation of gastric acids into the esophagus. Diagnosis is made typically based on classic symptoms. Other than heartburn and regurgitation you may also experience chest pain, dental erosions, chronic cough, laryngitis, or asthma. Lately, GERD is becoming increasingly common, and it needs a tailored approach while treating.
Symptoms of Acid Reflux
One of the most common symptoms of acid reflux is heartburn. It is the burning sensation of the chest, which radiates towards the mouth. It is associated with a sour taste with or without regurgitation.
Acid reflux is the common cause of chest pain which is not linked to heart problems. It is essential to differentiate between these chest pain to rule out potential risks associated with heart diseases.
Though symptoms of acid reflux are easily diagnosed some extraesophageal symptoms can not be easily recognized. When acid reflux enters your larynx it may result in hoarseness and feeling of fullness or globus sensation in the back of your throat (1)
Acid reflux can trigger bronchospasm, which may worsen underlying conditions such as asthma, thereby leading to cough, dyspnea, and wheezing (2). Some people also suffer from nausea and vomiting.
Risk Factors of Acid Reflux
Acid reflux can affect you at any age. Several risk factors are linked to symptoms of GERD. You may develop GERD if you are;
- Obese or overweight
- Pregnant
- Having diabetes
- A Smoker
- Eating more fatty food
- On medications such as aspirin and ibuprofen
Some studies suggest that genetic factors also play a role in GERD. Genetic factors and lifestyle factors together can result in GERD. Studies have revealed that a high intake of calcium, meat, oils, and salt is associated with an increased risk of acid reflux (3).
Treatment Options of Acid Reflux
Treatment of acid reflux mainly focuses on relieving symptoms and preventing the occurrence of complications such as esophagitis and precancerous changes called Barrett’s Esophagus.
Lifestyle Modifications
Lifestyle modifications are the cornerstones of the management of GERD (4). Obesity is considered as the major risk factor for acid reflex hence you will be counseled and advised for weight loss.
To avoid acid reflux;
- Avoid having meals three hours before bedtime
- Maintain good sleep hygiene (3)
- Use pillows to keep your head elevated while sleeping
- Avoid having chocolates, excess caffeine, spicy foods, citrus, and carbonated beverages
- Limit your alcohol consumption and quit smoking
These modifications can reduce symptoms of GERD and can help you maintain a healthy pH.
Medications
If you don’t experience relief with lifestyle modifications, then you will be advised of some prescription medications. The first choice of drugs includes H2 blockers and proton pump inhibitors.
H2 Blockers - These drugs inhibit gastric acid secretion and provide long relief from symptoms. H2 blockers include famotidine, cimetidine, and ranitidine.
Proton pump inhibitors - These are considered as the most effective type of antacid medications, which include omeprazole, lansoprazole, etc. They are dosed once or twice daily and can be taken 30 to 60 minutes prior to meals.
Though these drugs are well-tolerated and suitable for long-term use, they might cause diarrhea, headache, nausea, and vitamin B-12 deficiency.
Over-the-counter Medications - You can also consider medications such as antacids, which are available online. These medications can help to soothe symptoms of acid reflux. On iLiveActive you can consult our health professionals online and get your medications delivered to your doorstep.
Surgical Therapy
If you are experiencing severe side effects due to medications and are unable to continue with long-term medications you will be advised for surgery. The available surgical options for GERD are laparoscopic fundoplication, Transoral incisionless fundoplication, and bariatric surgery in obese patients (5).
Frequently Asked Questions
1. Can Acid Reflux Affect my Heart?
GERD and acid reflux are not linked to heart disease. As the esophagus lies behind the heart, the heartburn may get confused with heart disease. A major difference between these two pain is that heartburn does not worsen post exertion.
2. When Should I Consult a Doctor?
If you are facing symptoms of acid reflux frequently and are disturbing your sleep and daily activities, then consult your doctor. If you are having acid reflux two to three times a week, you should discuss it with your doctor.
3. I am Taking Antacids but it is not Helping.
Taking antacids is just a part of the treatment of GERD. You may need lifestyle modifications based on the cause of your condition. Discussing with a health professional and following a combined approach can help to relieve symptoms.
4. How can I Prevent Symptoms of GERD?
The best way to prevent GERD symptoms is to identify the factors causing it and avoid them through lifestyle modifications. Check out which kinds of food resulting in acid reflux, follow a healthy diet, and try to reduce weight if needed.
5. Do I have to Take Medications for the Rest of my Life?
It depends on various factors. You can discuss with a health professional and with the right lifestyle changes you can reduce the symptoms of acid reflux.
6. What if I Stop Taking Treatment for GERD?
Relapse is commonly seen with GERD when the treatment is stopped. If not treated it can result in serious complications such as esophagitis, difficulty in swallowing, and bleeding. In the long-term, it can also lead to Barrett's esophagus which may result in cancer of the esophagus.
7. Is it Possible to Prevent GERD?
The only way to prevent symptoms of GERD is lifestyle modifications.
- Maintain a healthy body weight
- Avoid large meals before bedtime and have meals 3 hours before your bedtime
- Limit junk food
- Avoid smoking and consumption of alcohol
Final Words
Acid reflux or GERD is a common health problem faced by many. It may become uncomfortable disrupting the quality of your life. Early recognition of symptoms and the right treatment options can help you avoid the occurrence of complications. Lifestyle modifications and acid-suppressing medications are an integral part of the treatment of acid reflux.