Various diseases are linked to the use of tobacco worldwide. Cessation of tobacco use leads to many withdrawal symptoms. Continuation of smoking behaviors is mainly seen due to these withdrawal symptoms. Depending on the duration and severity of withdrawal, you experience a relapse of smoking cessation.
According to a study, 80% of adult smokers desire to quit smoking. However, for most of the people who attempt to quit on their own, relapse is seen within the first month of cessation. There are various cessation therapies available that can increase your success rate.
What is Nicotine Withdrawal?
Nicotine withdrawal is a way your body is fighting against your decision to quit smoking. The withdrawal symptoms start appearing within 4 to 24 hours of cessation of chronic use of nicotine products (1).
Tobacco is an addictive substance; hence you experience nicotine withdrawal. Nicotine is a psychoactive ingredient that can stimulate your nervous system. Nicotine binds to the brain receptors that release dopamine- a feel-good hormone. When you smoke regularly, you develop more receptors in your brain, releasing dopamine. But, when you quit smoking, these receptors stop receiving nicotine leading to the cessation of the release of nicotine. As a result, you experience unpleasant side effects, which is called nicotine withdrawal. This makes quitting difficult.
Top 5 Symptoms of Nicotine Withdrawal
1. Cravings for Nicotine
For smokers, the most worrying part of quitting is the relentless urge to smoke again. Nicotine craving is a core feature of nicotine withdrawal; in most cases, it results in relapse (2). These cravings may be situation-specific or consistent. Though distracting yourself may work, seeking medical help can greatly help you.
Common treatment approach for nicotine cravings;
- Bupropion - a prescription medication to curb the cravings
- Nicotine replacement therapy - done using nicotine patches and gums
Many people quit smoking for one or two months then return to smoking due to these cravings. Nicotine replacement therapy and medications can help you get rid of this habit successfully.
2. Increased Appetite and Weight gain
On average, you might gain 8 pounds after you quit smoking (3). This increase in weight and behavioral control on gaining weight can impact your quitting negatively and leads to relapse. Exercise and eating mindfully might help, but focussing more on smoking cessation and sticking to your decision is essential.
Nicotine replacement therapy and bupropion are believed to prevent nicotine withdrawal-related weight gain effectively. Discussing your weight-related concerns with a health professional can help you with appropriate measures to avoid weight gain.
3. Insomnia
Sleep disturbance or insomnia is an important side effect of nicotine withdrawal. According to studies, impairment of sleep during the withdrawal phase indicate severe nicotine dependency. Also, it may result in an early relapse (4). Research reports suggest that smokers who have awakening at night to smoke and sleep disturbances are less successful at quitting smoking (5).
To avoid sleep issues, follow a relaxing night ritual and avoid caffeine two to three hours before sleep. Having a warm cup of milk or herbal tea an hour before bed can help you relax and sleep better. In severe insomnia, you may take melatonin supplements to sleep better. However, it is essential to discuss with your doctor before taking any medication.
4. Depression
Experiencing anxiety and depression after quitting is normal. Smokers having increased depressive symptoms feel more discomfort during smoking cessation and also experience increased withdrawal and cravings. This discomfort makes quitting smoking more difficult (6).
Mindfulness-based therapies that teach acceptance and tolerance are believed to benefits depression that is linked to smoking cessation (7). Also, social and family support and regular physical activity can help to improve your mood.
5. Difficulty in Concentrating
During quitting, you may also experience a lack of focus. If you find it difficult to concentrate, try to reduce your workload. Eat healthy food and exercise regularly. It may feel frustrating but reassuring yourself and acceptance can help.
Along with other physiological symptoms, understand your mental needs too. Ask for help from family and friends to overcome cognitive issues.
How Long the Withdrawal Symptoms Last?
It is difficult to estimate the exact period for which withdrawal symptoms last. Each individual is different, and your withdrawal symptoms may not be the same as others. However, most symptoms disappear within two to three months.
Withdrawal symptoms start appearing within 4 to 24 hours of smoking cessation— symptoms peak on the 3rd day and decrease by 3 to 4 weeks. Sleep issues and the inability to concentrate may last for a longer time.
Though nicotine withdrawal symptoms are not life-threatening, they can make you uncomfortable. Taking medical help or consulting a doctor can ease the process of quitting. There are various medications available that can reduce these symptoms. Consult your doctor to quit smoking successfully.
Final Words
Symptoms caused by nicotine withdrawal can be overwhelming. Especially in the first week, you may find it hard to overcome nicotine cravings. But when you start experiencing the benefits of quitting, you will feel it was all worth it. It may take a few tries but not giving up and a consistent effort can bring you success. Take help from family, society, and your doctor when needed, stay motivated and move towards quitting.
Controlling your nicotine intake and fighting the withdrawal symptoms becomes much easier with the right support and treatments. To get quick and personalized recommendations for medications click here iLiveActive. Our U.S. licensed physicians will review your treatment request, follow up, and write an appropriate prescription.